Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation in the digestive system. It primarily affects the small bowel and colon but can impact any part of the gastrointestinal tract, spanning from the mouth to the anus. It should be distinguished from ulcerative colitis, another form of IBD.

Crohn’s disease involves inflammation that can affect the entire thickness of the bowel wall and extend into deeper layers of the affected bowel tissue. This condition can cause significant discomfort and potentially lead to serious complications. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of Crohn’s disease, we encourage you to reach out to our nearby specialists. Our team of dedicated gastroenterologists is committed to assisting patients and offering effective treatment options to enhance their quality of life.

The exact cause of Crohn’s disease remains unknown, although several factors appear to influence its onset and symptoms.

Immune system: It is believed that Crohn’s disease can be triggered by internal bacteria or viruses. When your immune system is activated to fight off an infection, it may mistakenly attack the cells in the digestive system, leading to inflammation in the small intestine and colon.

Genetics: There is evidence to suggest that genetic factors play a role in Crohn’s disease. It is possible to inherit certain genes from your parents that increase your susceptibility to developing the condition. Approximately 20% of individuals with Crohn’s disease have a family member who also has the condition or another form of inflammatory bowel disease. It is most commonly diagnosed in people between the ages of 20 and 30.

While the precise cause of Crohn’s disease is not yet fully understood, ongoing research aims to shed more light on its origins and develop more effective treatments.

Most symptoms associated with Crohn’s disease develop gradually, and they range from mild to severe. Crohn’s disease symptoms can include:

– Blood in the stool
– Rectal bleeding
– Diarrhea
– Fever
– Abdominal pain
– Stomach cramps
– Mouth sores
– Pain or drainage near or around the anus
– Constipation
– Sudden weight loss
– Loss of normal menstrual cycle
– Poor development in children

You should contact a specialist at a location near you if you notice persisting changes in your bowel habits, or you have any of the following symptoms:

– Blood in your stool
– Persistent and/or severe abdominal pain
– Unexplained weight loss
– Fever lasting more than a day
– Persistent diarrhoea

The treatment of Crohn’s disease currently does not offer a cure and can vary depending on the individual. The primary goals of treatment are to control inflammation, manage symptoms, and achieve long-term remission. Various approaches may be used, either individually or in combination:

–Antibiotics: While not typically the main treatment, antibiotics can be prescribed to target bacteria that contribute to abnormal immune responses and inflammation.

Anti-inflammatory medications: Corticosteroids or steroids may be used to address inflammation in the short term, while long-term treatment options are explored. They help reduce inflammation and can be used alongside immune system suppressors.

Long-term anti-inflammatory therapies: These therapies focus on modulating the abnormal immune response associated with Crohn’s disease. Immunomodulatory drugs such as azathioprine, infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab, methotrexate, natalizumab, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab may be prescribed.

Nutrition: Following a specialised diet recommended by your gastroenterologist can help manage symptoms and induce remission.

Surgery: In cases where medication is ineffective, surgery may be necessary to address complications like blockages, fistulas, infections, or severe bleeding. Surgical removal of the affected portion of the intestine may also be required.

Medications for symptom management: Certain medications and supplements can be prescribed to help alleviate specific symptoms associated with Crohn’s disease, such as iron supplements for anemia, anti-diarrheals, vitamin B-12 shots, and calcium and vitamin D supplements.

It’s essential to work closely with your healthcare provider to develop an individualised treatment plan that suits your specific needs and goals. Regular monitoring and adjustments to the treatment approach may be necessary to manage Crohn’s disease effectively.

Crohn’s disease can lead to various health complications. One common complication is intestinal blockage, where inflammation and scar tissue cause the thickening or swelling of the intestinal wall. Ulcers can also form tunnels that connect inflamed areas of the intestine to nearby intestines or even other organs.

Individuals with Crohn’s disease may experience deficiencies in protein, vitamins, or calories in their diet. This can result from difficulties in absorbing nutrients from food, reduced food intake due to an upset stomach, or the loss of protein through the intestine.

In addition, Crohn’s disease can give rise to other complications, such as:

– Arthritis: Joint inflammation and pain, which can affect various joints in the body.
– Skin problems: Conditions like rashes, sores, or inflammation on the skin may occur.
– Swelling in the eyes or mouth: Inflammation can lead to swelling and discomfort in the eyes or mouth.
– Kidney stones: The formation of hard deposits in the kidneys, which can cause pain and urinary problems.
– Gallstones: The development of hardened deposits in the gallbladder, potentially causing abdominal pain and digestive issues.

It’s important to note that not all individuals with Crohn’s disease will experience these complications, and the severity and frequency can vary among patients. Regular monitoring and communication with healthcare professionals are crucial to manage and address these potential complications effectively.

Crohn’s disease itself is not considered a fatal condition. However, if left unmanaged and untreated, it can lead to the development of severe health complications that may have potentially fatal consequences. It is important to seek medical care from a specialist who can effectively manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals living with Crohn’s disease. With proper medical attention and treatment, the risks associated with the disease can be significantly reduced.